Machine vision / Articles
Machine vision, explained with numbers.
Practical guides on AOI, vision AI, and automated inspection from CODETRACE engineers. Costs, detection rates, and the trade-offs vendors don't put in brochures.
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AOI vs Manual Inspection: Where the Costs Actually Sit
Detection rates, fatigue research, machine pricing, and the break-even formula for deciding when automated optical inspection pays off on your line.
02OptimisationReducing AOI False Calls Without Letting Defects Escape
Why 30–80% of AOI calls are false, what verification really costs, and how to tune them down without opening defect escape paths.
03Detection ratesYour Inspectors Catch 4 in 5 Defects. The Fifth One Ships.
The best human inspectors top out near 80% detection — a limit set by biology, not training. Why the fifth defect escapes, and what a camera changes.
04AOI basicsWhat AOI Actually Does: Six Inspection Jobs on One Line
Detect, measure, verify, read, guide, sort — the six jobs one camera runs, how it decides pass or fail against a known-good reference, and which one to automate first.
05Technology2D vs 3D AOI: When Flat Imaging Misses the Defect
Flat imaging photographs the board; structured light measures its shape. The height-defined defects 2D cannot see, and the honest limit where 3D still stops.
06Decision guideRule-Based vs Deep-Learning Vision: Which One Your Defect Needs
Six axes that settle it: defect variability, sample size, cycle time, measurement, changeover, auditability. Including where rule-based is still the cheaper, right call.
07ImagingLine-Scan vs Area-Scan Cameras: Choosing by Part Speed and Size
Two worked examples with real numbers: a film web at 500 mm/s, and a connector at 60 parts a minute. Why the camera is step three, not step one.
08Buyer's guideHow to Choose an AOI Vendor in Malaysia: 8 Questions Before You Sign
The eight questions that separate an inspection partner from an equipment reseller, four answers that should worry you, and what a feasibility study must deliver.
09Machine buildOff-the-Shelf AOI vs Custom-Built: Why Catalogue Machines Fail on Odd Parts
Standard AOI measures to 5 mm, odd-form systems to 25 mm. Five places catalogue machines run out of geometry, and when off-the-shelf is genuinely enough.
10Decision tableAOI vs AVI vs Manual QC: A Decision Table for E&E Manufacturers
Three gates, ten criteria, side by side. Detection rates, false calls, ramp-up, traceability — plus which station on the line each one belongs at.
11Cost & paybackWhat an AOI Machine Costs in Malaysia — and the 4 Numbers That Decide Payback
Price bands in USD and ringgit, the five costs that arrive after the quotation, and a break-even model showing why shift count and escape cost decide everything.
12Cost of qualityThe Real Cost of a Defect Escape: Warranty, Recall and Customer PPM
What one escaped defect triggers at each stage downstream, what sector PPM scorecards actually demand, and why inspection is priced as insurance.
13Cost modelAOI False Call Rate: What 1% vs 5% Costs You Per Shift
A per-shift model in hours and ringgit, the DPMO-to-operator bridge on dense boards, and the five reasons a tuned programme drifts to 5%.
14SemiconductorMachine Vision in Semiconductor Manufacturing: Why It Stopped Being Optional
Sub-micron defects, ten inspection stations from wafer to tape-and-reel, and the yield economics that make vision a profit lever rather than a quality cost.
15Industry outlookMalaysia's Semiconductor Trends: And What They Demand of Inspection
13% of global ATP, RM 92 billion of approved investment, and an advanced packaging pivot. Five trends, and what each one asks of your quality gate.
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